Second-Generation Phosphorus: Recovery from Wastes towards the Sustainability of Production Chains

Phosphorus (P) is essential for life and has a fundamental role in industry the world food production system. The present work describes different technologies adopted what called second-generation P recovery framework, that encompass obtained from residues wastes. high potential to substitute first-generation comprising originally mined rock phosphates agricultural production. Several physical, chemical, biological processes are available use recovery. They include both concentrating technologies: (1) chemical extraction using magnesium calcium precipitating compounds yielding struvite, newberyite phosphates; (2) thermal treatments like combustion, hydrothermal carbonization, pyrolysis; (3) nanofiltration ion exchange methods; (4) electrochemical processes; (5) such as composting, algae uptake, phosphate accumulating microorganisms (PAOs). However, best technology depends on characteristic of waste, purpose process, cost, availability land. exhaustion deposits (economic problem) accumulation (environmental main drivers incentivize P’s various Besides promoting resource’s safety, introduces raw materials, closing productive systems loop reducing their environmental damage.